Apresentam-se os resultados clínicos principais de uma primeira investigação efectuada a familiares de doentes sob tratamento paliativo no domicílio da área de Lisboa, com o instrumento de medida da satisfação SERVQUAL Modificado. Dos 58 familiares/doentes que responderam ao questionário apenas uma minona estava insatisfeita (uma classe de 5 indivíduos mostra-se francamente insatisfeita), uma classe de 15 estava moderadamente satisfeita, havendo 38 individuos fortemente satisfeitos com a qualidade e prontidäo dos serviços prestados. Porém urna percentagem elevada de doentes, segundo a opinião (...) retrospectiva dos cuidadores, faleceu com sintomatologia agravada, nomeadamente dores (60%), obstipação (67%) e depressão/ansiedade (43%). Discute-se a consistência e validade do questionáno SERVQUAL Modificado, contextualizam-se os resultados no que é o standard da prática da MCP e integram-se na promoção da dignidade humana no fim da vida. We present the main clinical findings of research on palliative home care, carried out among relatives of patients in the Lisbon area. An adapted version of SERVQUAL was used. Of a total of 58 carers surveyed only a small number (5) was unsatisfied 15 were only moderately satisfied. 38 family carers were strongly satisfied with the services. Yet, a high percentage of patients, as viewed in retrospect by their relatives died with some aggravated symptoms: 60% with more pain, 67% constipation, and 43% anxiety/depression. We discuss the consistency and validity of this adapted SERVQUAL tool and the main results are contextualized beanng in mind the standard practice of palliative medicine and the pursuit of human dignity in death. (shrink)

Apresentamos um resumo do desenvolvimento e do contexto institucional do Projecto Humanização dos Cuidados Paliativos em Contexto Domiciliário, aprovado e financiado pela Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian. Utilizam-se largamente os próprios documentos que o justificaram e os relatórios oficiais para dar uma imagem vivida, realista e técnica das dificuldades da profissionalização e reforma dos Cuidados Paliativos, mesmo quando integrada em acções de formação num serviço de um Centro de Tratamento Compreensivo do Cancro. We put forward a synopsis of the development and institutional (...) context of the Project Humanização dos Cuidados Paliativos em Contexto Domiciliário, approved and financed by the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation. The groundwork documents are widely used as well as official reports so as to convey a lively, realistic and technical image arising from professionalizing and reforming Palliative Medicine even when it is based on in-service training programmes in an Comprehensive Cancer Center. (shrink)

En la gran producció filosòfica d’Eusebi Colomer, s’hi poden distingir tres grans centres d’interès particularment destacats. En primer lloc, la seva dedicació a l’estudi del pensament de Ramon Llull i de Nicolau de Cusa. La seva tesi doctoral va mostrar les influències lul·lianes en l’obra de Nicolau de Cusa a partir de les anotacions autògrafes en què el jove Nicolau es feia ressò de les coses que més li interessaven de Llull. El segon gran centre d’interès el (...) van constituir, naturalment, els grans corrents de la filosofia alemanya moderna i contemporània. Des dels anys d’estudiant s’havia familiaritzat particularment amb l’idealisme, la fenomenologia i la filosofia de l’existència. Finalment, el seu tercer centre d’interès va ser el diàleg filosòfico-teològic. Colomer lamentava profundament el divorci produït entre la filosofia i la teologia. Adaptant una coneguda formulació de Kant, pensava que la teologia sense filosofia és cega, però que la filosofia sense teologia és buida. Format en la tradició metafísica espiritualista i defensor de l’humanisme cristià, Colomer es trobava, però, a les antípodes de qualsevol sectarisme o dogmatisme. La seva formació, el seu tarannà i, segurament, els seus enormes coneixements de la història de la filosofia, li havien conferit una gran capacitat per al diàleg. Ell no veia el diàleg com un recurs o com una tàctica, sinó com un element constitutiu de l’ésser humà. \n. (shrink)

Trata-se aqui da resenha do livro _Pieter Bruegel: le tableau ou la sphère infinie – pour une reforme théologico-politique de l’entendement_, de Laurent Bove, publicado em 2019. O livro explorando, de um ponto de vista espinosista, o tema da “segunda natureza”, o qual, anunciado _en passant_ em _La stratégie du conatus: affirmation et résistance chez Spinoza_, de 1996, ganhou centralidade em suas monografias publicadas na última década: _Vauvenargues ou le séditieux_, de 2010, e_ Albert Camus, de la transfiguration_, de 2014. (...) A leitura de Bove busca reconstituir o significado da obra de Pieter Bruegel, o Velho (1525/1530-1569), pintor flamengo cujo legado pertence à Bélgica e aos Países Baixos, a partir de três eixos fundamentais: histórico, artístico e filosófico. A partir de uma problematização da imagem da "esfera infinita", tal como empregada na obra de Nicolau de Cusa, Bove confere um lugar para a pintura de Bruegel enquanto arte filosófica. (shrink)

When addressing the notion of proper time in the theory of relativity, it is usually taken for granted that the time read by an accelerated clock is given by the Minkowski proper time. However, there are authors like Harvey Brown that consider necessary an extra assumption to arrive at this result, the so-called clock hypothesis. In opposition to Brown, Richard TW Arthur takes the clock hypothesis to be already implicit in the theory. In this paper I will present a view (...) different from these authors by taking into account Einstein’s notion of natural clock and showing its relevance to the debate. (shrink)

We present an approach in which ancient Greek mathematical proofs by Hippocrates of Chios and Euclid are addressed as a form of (guided) intentional reasoning. Schematically, in a proof, we start with a sentence that works as a premise; this sentence is followed by another, the conclusion of what we might take to be an inferential step. That goes on until the last conclusion is reached. Guided by the text, we go through small inferential steps; in each one, we go (...) through an autonomous reasoning process linking the premise to the conclusion. The reasoning process is accompanied by a metareasoning process. Metareasoning gives rise to a feeling-knowing of correctness. In each step/cycle of the proof, we have a feeling-knowing of correctness. Overall, we reach a feeling of correctness for the whole proof. We suggest that this approach allows us to address the issues of how a proof functions, for us, as an enabler to ascertain the correctness of its argument and how we ascertain this correctness. (shrink)

With special relativity, we seem to be facing a conundrum. It is a very well-tested theory; in this way, the Minkowski spacetime must be “capturing” essential features of space and time. However, its geometry seems to be incompatible with any sort of global notion of time. We might only have local notions of now (present moment) and time flow, at best. In this note, we will explore the possibility that a pretty much global notion of now (and time flow) might (...) be hiding in plain sight in the geometry of the Minkowski spacetime. (shrink)

Einstein's gravitational redshift derivation in his famous 1916 paper on general relativity seems to be problematic, being mired in what looks like conceptual difficulties or at least contradictions or gaps in his exposition. Was this derivation a blunder? To answer this question, we will consider Einstein’s redshift derivations from his first one in 1907 to the 1921 derivation made in his Princeton lectures on relativity. This will enable to see the unfolding of an interdependent network of concepts and heuristic derivations (...) in which previous ideas inform and condition later developments. The resulting derivations and views on coordinates and clocks are in fact not without inconsistencies. However, we can see these difficulties as an aspect of an evolving network understood as a “work in progress”. (shrink)

In this paper, it is presented a historical account of the formulation of the quantum relativistic wave equation of an electron – the Dirac equation, issues regarding its interpretation that arose from the very beginning, and the later formulation of this equation in relation to a quantized electron-positron field, which implies a new interpretation. The way in which solutions obtained under each interpretation of the equation relate to one another is also considered for the simple case of hydrogen-like problems.

As we will show in the present work, the historical development of pure geometry did not arise as a direct “transition” from practical geometry into pure geometry, at least as these are usually understood. We can discern four phases related to this evolution. Initially, we have practical geometry as applied in ancient Greece and other ancient civilizations. This surveyors’ practical geometry was somewhat transformed in “didactic” contexts when applied to problem-solving. This not-so-practical geometry is the direct antecedent of the first (...) form of pure geometry, that of Hippocrates of Chios. Only afterward did pure geometry, as we usually understand it, emerge. The form of pure geometry that we find in Euclid’s Elements. (shrink)

The cognitive basis of geometry is still poorly understood, even the ‘simpler’ issue of what kind of representation of geometric objects we have. In this work, we set forward a tentative model of the neural representation of geometric objects for the case of the pure geometry of Euclid. To arrive at a coherent model, we found it necessary to consider earlier forms of geometry. We start by developing models of the neural representation of the geometric figures of ancient Greek practical (...) geometry. Then, we propose a related model for the earliest form of pure geometry – that of Hippocrates of Chios. Finally, we develop the model of the neural representation of the geometric objects of Euclidean geometry. The models are based on the hub-and-spoke theory. In our view, the existence of specific models opens the possibility of addressing the relationship between geometric figures and geometric objects, in a novel way, in terms of their neural representation. (shrink)

The purpose of this work is to address the relation existing between ancient Greek practical geometry and ancient Greek pure geometry. In the first part of the work, we will consider practical and pure geometry and how pure geometry can be seen, in some respects, as arising from an idealization of practical geometry. From an analysis of relevant extant texts, we will make explicit the idealizations at play in pure geometry in relation to practical geometry, some of which are basically (...) explicit in definitions, like that of segments in Euclid’s Elements. Then, we will address how in pure geometry we, so to speak, “refer back” to practical geometry. This occurs in two ways. One, in the propositions of pure geometry. The other, when applying pure geometry. In this case, geometrical objects can represent practical figures like, e.g., a practical segment. (shrink)

It has been argued in relation to Old Babylonian mathematical procedure texts that their validity or correctness is self-evident. One “sees” that the procedure is correct without it having, or being accompanied by, any explicit arguments for the correctness of the procedure. Even when agreeing with this view, one might still ask about how is the correctness of a procedure articulated? In this work, we present an articulation of the correctness of ancient Egyptian and Old Babylonian mathematical procedure texts – (...) mathematical texts presenting the solution of problems. We endeavor to make explicit and explain how and why the procedures are reliable over and above the fact that their correctness is intuitive. (shrink)

in this paper we return to Marshall Clagett’s view about the existence of an ancient Greek geometry of motion. It can be read in two ways. As a basic presentation of ancient Greek geometry of motion, followed by some aspects of its further development in landmark works by Galileo and Newton. Conversely, it can be read as a basic presentation of aspects of Galileo’s and Newton’s mathematics that can be considered as developments of a geometry of motion that was first (...) conceived by ancient Greek mathematicians. (shrink)

A perverted space-time geodesy results from the notions of variable rods and clocks, which are taken to have their length and rates affected by the gravitational field. On the other hand, what we might call a concrete geodesy relies on the notions of invariable unit-measuring rods and clocks. In fact, this is a basic assumption of general relativity. Variable rods and clocks lead to a perverted geodesy in the sense that a curved space-time might be seen as arising from the (...) departure from the Minkowskian space-time as an effect of the gravitational field on the rate of clocks and the length of rods. In the case of a concrete geodesy we have “directly” a curved space-time whose curvature can be determined using (invariable) unit-measuring rods and clocks. In this paper, we will make the case for the plausibility that Einstein's views on geometry in relation to general relativity are permeated by a perverted geodesy. (shrink)

While Einstein considered that sub specie astern the correct philosophical position regarding geometry was that of the conventionality of geometry, he felt that provisionally it was necessary to adopt a non-conventional stance that he called practical geometry. here we will make the case that even when adopting Einstein’s views we must conclude that practical geometry is conventional after all. Einstein missed the fact that the conventionality of simultaneity leads to a conventional element in the chrono-geometry, since it corresponds to the (...) possibility of different space-time metrics. (shrink)

At the third episode of Sophocles’ Electra, the heroine, believing that her brother Orestes is dead, invites her sister Chrisothemis to a plan to kill Aegisthus, in a speech that recalls fifth century Athenian’s public honors to the tyrannicide couple, Harmodius and Aristogiton, and thus presents the two sisters as a kind of democratic champions (v. 947-989). This paper compares the treatment given by contemporary Commentaries to Sophocles’ Electrato this speech with recent gender-oriented studies of Athenian citizenship, in order to (...) argue that the idea of the ancient polisas a “man’s club” depends much more on a modern stereotype about Athenian politics than on the ancient evidence available to us –a stereotype that projects XIX century European conceptions of politics on the ancient context, and perpetuates backwards a supposedly universal masculine domination. In this light, Electra’s attitude, surely exceptional because of her equally exceptional situation, far from strikingly transgressing ancient gender-roles, points to the importance of female citizenship in democratic Athens. (shrink)

Neste artigo, investigamos o impacto da inclusão da categoria gênero, articulada a uma perspectiva decolonial, na análise da cidadania ateniense, especificamente na Atenas clássica democrática. Contrariamente à concepção tradicional que vê a polis como um "clube de homens", muito influenciada pelos estudos sobre Aristóteles acerca de cidadania, a leitura destaca a presença explícita de mulheres cidadãs nas sociedades helênicas antigas. Ao centrar o debate em aspectos vinculados ao contexto antigo e atentar para a projeção de referências modernas, propomos uma reflexão (...) mais ampla sobre as práticas políticas na antiguidade. Estudos contemporâneos têm revelado que a cidadania grega antiga não se baseia exclusivamente na exclusão sistemática das mulheres de todos os contextos. Mulheres cidadãs são mencionadas e representadas em diversas fontes às quais temos acesso. A persistência do estereótipo do "clube de homens" na política antiga é questionada, com destaque para a importância da religião no contexto cívico, onde mulheres desempenham papéis ativos. Indagamos sobre o interesse contemporâneo em perpetuar a visão da polis como exclusivamente masculina e como essa percepção afeta a compreensão da participação das mulheres no cenário político. Concluímos destacando a importância de revisitar textos antigos sob uma perspectiva crítica contemporânea, feminista e decolonial, desafiando a ideia de que as mulheres sempre estiveram à margem da política. (shrink)

Presentation of Dossier Gender and Antiquity: problems and methods.

Archimedes’ statics is considered as an example of ancient Greek applied mathematics; it is even seen as the beginning of mechanics. Wilbur Knorr made the case regarding this work, as other works by him or other mathematicians from ancient Greece, that it lacks references to the physical phenomena it is supposed to address. According to Knorr, this is understandable if we consider the propositions of the treatise in terms of purely mathematical elaborations suggested by quantitative aspects of the phenomena. In (...) this paper, we challenge Knorr’s view, and address propositions of Archimedes’ statics in their relation to physical phenomena. (shrink)

Esse artigo, apresentado previamente em conferência no VIII Colóquio Internacional Schopenhauer, tem por objetivo expor o surgimento e as transformações da psicologia moral na obra de Schopenhauer, desde seu início nos anos de formação até o fim de sua produção intelectual, como requisito prévio para indicar sua função preparatória para o surgimento das psicologias de Paul Rée e Friedrich Nietzsche que com ela confrontam-se paralelamente. Palavras-chave: Psicologia, Caráter, móbeis da vontade.

This paper is a study of Dionysian _lysis_, “liberation”_._ We begin with the suggestion that in the description of the _mania telestike _in Plato’s _Phaedrus_ 244d-245a, the best candidate among Dionysian ritual practices abstracted by Socrates’ rhetoric is maenadic trance. The maenadic references also accompany the testimonies on Dionysos _Lysios_ in Corinth, Sicyon and Thebes, but here the evidence invites us to widen the scope of Dionysian cult practices and look at the god’s Mystery cults, notably at the evidence provided (...) by the golden leaves founded in initiated sepultures. We propose then an exclusively Dionysian reading of the Pelinna leave. This reading leans on: an analysis of the leaf’s text; a critique of the interpretations associating _lysis_ with the expiation of the Titans’ crime; an examination of Persephone’s role; the meaning of _lysis_ in OF 350 Bernabé; and the linking up of the famous passages of Plato’s _Republic_ dealing with initiations with the dynamics of postponed punishment in ancient Greek representations of divine justice. Finally, the article suggests that Dionysian _lysis_ is concerned with liberation not only after death, but also during the life of the initiated. In conclusion, it goes back to Plato’s _Phaedrus_ 245a, in order to contrast Dionysian maenadic and mystic trance. (shrink)

The conventionality of simultaneity thesis as established by Reichenbach and Grünbaum is related to the partial freedom in the definition of simultaneity in an inertial reference frame. An apparently altogether different issue is that of the conventionality of spatial geometry, or more generally the conventionality of chronogeometry when taking also into account the conventionality of the uniformity of time. Here we will consider Einstein’s version of the conventionality of geometry, according to which we might adopt a different spatial geometry and (...) a particular definition of equality of successive time intervals. The choice of a particular chronogeometry would not imply any change in a theory, since its “physical part” can be changed in a way that, regarding experimental results, the theory is the same. Here, we will make the case that the conventionality of simultaneity is closely related to Einstein’s conventionality of chronogeometry, as another conventional element leading to it. (shrink)

O artigo empreende uma discussão sobre o conceito de Formação Cultural (Bildung) em G. W. F. Hegel (1770-1831), buscando apreender como o filósofo aborda a educação em suas obras. Para tal, analiso a perspectiva hegeliana de solução ao problema pedagógico, a saber, “Qual a melhor forma de educar o homem?”, imposto a todo e qualquer projeto educacional. Através de uma leitura de textos da Fenomenologia do Espírito (1807), dos Discursos sobre Educação (1808-1816), e da Filosofia do Direito (1821), viso apreender (...) o conceito de Formação Cultural em seu sistema filosófico. (shrink)

Com a Lógica hegeliana propõe-se uma série de encadeamentos categoriais que expressam o próprio movimento do real. A filosofia nada mais seria senão a compreensão desse processo de auto-exposição, que significa também uma auto-apresentação do absoluto. Tal processo consistiria em uma exposição de categorias, seqüencialmente progressivas, que vão da indeterminação primeira de ser/nada até a completude da idéia absoluta. Buscaremos apresentar como o idealismo absoluto hegeliano prova sua tese de que o mundo é racional e que estas categorias apresentadas são, (...) não apenas categorias do pensar, mas categorias do ser. (shrink)

Nosso intento aqui é o de expor os limites da filosofia especulativa a partir da análise crítica de Feuerbach nos Princípios de Filosofia do Futuro. Nesta obra Feuerbach apresenta-nos os fundamentos da filosofia especulativa, a fim de levar-nos a compreendê-la como uma verdadeira teologia racional. Tal afirmação feuerbachiana funda-se na latente submissão dos filósofos especulativos a temas sugeridos na reflexão teológica, surgidos no período que vai desde a filosofia mosaica aos primórdios do cristianismo, precisamente na filosofia neoplatônica. Analisamos emnosso trabalho (...) o argumento do filósofo alemão para desmascarar a inversão realizada pela filosofia especulativa, precisamente na herança neoplatônica assumida na modernidade pela filosofia de Hegel. (shrink)

CASADO, María, LÓPEZ BARONI, Manuel Jesús (coords.): El Convenio de Oviedo cumple 20 años. Propuestas para su modificación.

p { margin-bottom: 0.25cm; direction: ltr; line-height: 120%; text-align: left; widows: 2; orphans: 2; } O texto empreende uma reflexão sobre o conceito de Formação Cultural, que perpassa e está perpassado pela própria criação do sistema educacional alemão. Para isso divide-se em três momentos: 1) verificação das possíveis traduções ao termo na língua portuguesa, 2) apresentação da formulação do conceito no cenário intelectual alemão; e 3) descrição das condições históricas que tornaram esse um conceito chave para o processo de reforma (...) educacional alemão e para o pensamento pedagógico enquanto tal. (shrink)

RESUMEN El presente trabajo describe los cambios estratégicos del Centro de Inmunología y Productos Biológicos de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey que contribuyen a la formación profesional, la investigación y los servicios científico técnicos. Recoge los resultados obtenidos desde el 2015 hasta el 2017. Los referentes teóricos permiten un acercamiento epistémico que facilita la relación con el conocimiento y la creación de concepciones para abordar los problemas de salud. El centro tiene cuatro proyectos asociados a programas y 11 (...) institucionales. Se posee 2,7 publicaciones por autor y 18 participaciones en eventos, de ellos, ocho internacionales. Se perfecciona un sistema de gestión de la calidad, nueve servicios científico-técnicos, diversos servicios a la docencia y proyectos de investigaciones. Se aprovecha el potencial que genera el proceso de auto-organización del trabajo colectivo, para un mejor funcionamiento, sinergia y sustentabilidad de la gestión de una unidad de desarrollo e innovación. ABSTRACT The present work describes the strategic changes of the Center of Immunology and Biological Products of the University of Medical Sciences of Camagüey that contributes to the professional training, the investigation and the technical-scientist services. It gathers the results obtained from 2015 to 2017. The theoretical bases allow an epistemic approach that facilitates the relation with the knowledge and the creation of conceptions to tackle the health problems. The center has four projects associated with programs and 11 institutional ones. There are possessed 2.7 publications per author and 18 participations in events, of them, eight international ones. Scientist - technical staff perfects a system of management of the quality, nine services, diverse services to the teaching and projects of investigations. One makes use of the potential that generates the auto-organization process of collective work, for a better functioning, synergy and sustainability of the management of a unit of development and innovation. (shrink)

Em diálogo com Paulo Freire, o artigo enfatiza a condição sine qua non de existir ética para haver docência, afirmando ainda que a ética pode ser ensinada, mas não com base apenas em conceitos, pois somente através da interação e do reconhecer da alteridade pode o professor assumir uma atitude ética, sendo autônomo e gerando autonomia.

The received view in philosophical studies of quantum field theory is that Feynman diagrams are simply calculational devices. Alongside this view we have the one that takes virtual quanta to be also simply formal tools. This received view was developed and consolidated in philosophy of physics by Mario Bunge, Paul Teller, Michael Redhead, Robert Weingard, Brigitte Falkenburg, and others. In this article I present an alternative to the received view.